Poland is a 38 million people market with growing demand for computer equipment. Under communist rule computer and comunication market were strongly limited. World leading producers of software and hardware assigned then low budget for their products adaptation to this market. On the other hand communist authorities were not interested in making efforts for approaching these producers with own standarization proposals for simplifying the market. As a result, one emerging issue is now too many different hardware and software standards for polish alphabet letters. It calls for big problems in electronic data interchange of polish documents in business and industry. Polish alphabet, at the first look very similar to the latin one when compared with, for example greek or russian alphabets, contains in fact eighteen special letters with tails. Primary underestimation of this fact in early stages of software or hardware development projects for the polish market might have brougth up unexpected rise of related costs in the later stages, and because of that such projects could not be accomplished. Originally the american alphabet code was established as a seven bits code under name ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange). It is applied in the basic IBM code page 850. In early eghties IBM, a leader in R&D of that time, has worked out code page 852, known as IBM Latin-2 page, with the corresponding keyboard for DOS. Anyway this standard was surely prepared by an individual hardly speaking polish language, because it differs substantially from valid polish typwriter keyboard. Additionally, polish letters which are similar to the letters already adopted in western languages were placed in very different places of the code table. Polish computer industry has developed its own standard code called Mazovia, suiting much better polish typewriter keyboard. A text produced by this standard code can be also read with more popular code pages. In early ninethies the Microsoft adopted, as a result of its multilanguage software strategy, its own 1250 code page, known also as Windows ANSI or Windows Latin-2. Unfortunately not all main barriers were overcome, neither this time. Four letters are placed at positions of normally very different application – After cuting of the eight bit they become control marks. The result is that the documments after passing through communication servers are severly altered. A simple adaptation of european and american programs for polish language is still not solved here. Some functions of basic level, as for example the clipboard, are still affected and do not work properly. Actually many application programs are based on DOS, many others on Windows, and there is no compatibility between them regarding polish alphabet codes. The first related international standard was ISO 8859-2:1987Information processing — 8-bit single byte coded graphic character sets — Part 2: Latin alphabet No. 2. All but six letters match here the Windows ANSI code. This standard is oficially adopted in polish standard and mostly used on Internet and in Unix environment. 8-bits code standards use the same 8-bits configuration for diffrent signs in diffrent languages depending on the number of regional standard. These standards are assigned to particular language regions and are represented by 10 code tables. Control marks are placed not allways identicaly and e-mail transfer through number of particulary coding e-mail systems may not be secure. The Windows 95 multiprofile strategy speeds up communication also on the level of multilanguage applications. An example: when few years ago I tried to write documments in Polish on swedish computer it created big problem to the system oprerator and, on the other hand, my documents were not suficiently legible for Polish readers. So both parts were suspicous. Now, after I have got better access to the software I could install polish fonts on my swedish Windows 95 within few minutes. Following table shows the differences between particular 8-bits codes of Polish letters applied on the market: |